A method for producing a wire-grid polarizer includes the steps of preparing a resin film including a concave part formed thereon, the concave part having a submicron-sized grating pattern, the resin film having a visible light transmittance of 80% or more; filling the concave part with an electroconductive nano-material having an average diameter equal to or smaller than one-half of an average line width of the concave part; and removing the electroconductive non-material which has not been filled into the concave part.

The present invention provides a wire structure where reduction in the amount of current that can be made to flow through the wire can be suppressed (a current comprising a large current density can be made to flow), even in the case where the wire is downsized. A wire structure according to the present invention is provided in an insulating film formed on a base. Here, a trench is formed in the surface of the insulating film. In addition, a plurality of carbon nanotubes are included in this trench. That is, the wire structure according to the present invention includes at least a plurality of carbon nanotubes.

Wire grid polarizers, methods of fabricating a wire grid polarizer and display panels including a wire grid polarizer are provided, the methods include preparing a mold having a lower surface in which a plurality of parallel fine grooves are formed, and arranging the mold on a transparent substrate. The plurality of parallel fine grooves are filled with a conductive liquid ink. A plurality of parallel conductive nano wires are formed on the transparent substrate by curing the conductive liquid ink. The mold is removed.

This invention provides a method for manufacturing a wire grid polarizer, comprising the steps of providing a resin film having a recess part with a lattice shape of a submicron size and having a visible light transmittance of not less than 80%, filling an electroconductive nano material, which has an average diameter of not more than the half of the average line width of the recess part, into the recess part, and removing the electroconductive nano material which remains unfilled in the recess part.

A method for producing a wire-grid polarizer, comprising the steps of: preparing a resin film including a concave part formed thereon, the concave part having a grating pattern of submicron size, the resin film having a visible-light transmittance of 80% or more; filling the concave part with an electroconductive nano-material having an average diameter equal to or smaller than 1/2 of an average linewidth of the concave part; and removing the electroconductive nano-material which has not been filled into the concave part.

The present invention discloses a widely wavelength tunable polychrome colloidal photonic crystal device whose optical Bragg diffraction stop bands and higher energy bands wavelength, width and intensity can be tuned in a continuous and fine, rapid and reversible, reproducible and predictable fashion and over a broad spectral range by a controlled expansion or contraction of the colloidal photonic lattice dimension, effected by a predetermined change in the electronic configuration of the composite material. In its preferred embodiment, the material is a composite in the form of a film or a patterned film or shape of any dimension or array of shapes of any dimension comprised of an organized array of microspheres in a matrix of a cross-linked metallopolymer network with a continuously variable redox state of charge and fluid content. The chemo-mechanical and electro-mechanical optical response of the colloidal photonic crystal-metallopolymer gel is exceptionally fast and reversible, attaining its fully swollen state from the dry shrunken state and vice versa on a sub-second time-scale. These composite materials can be inverted by removal of the constituent microspheres from the aforementioned colloidal photonic crystal metallopolymer-gel network to create a macroporous metallopolymer-gel network inverse colloidal photonic crystal film or patterned film or shape of any dimension optical Bragg diffraction stop bands and higher energy bands wavelength, width and intensity can be redox tuned in a continuous and fine, rapid and reversible, reproducible and predictable fashion and over a broad spectral range by a controlled expansion or contraction of the colloidal photonic lattice dimensions.

The present invention discloses a widely wavelength tunable polychrome colloidal photonic crystal device whose optical Bragg diffraction stop bands and higher energy bands wavelength, width and intensity can be tuned in a continuous and fine, rapid and reversible, reproducible and predictable fashion and over a broad spectral range by a controlled expansion or contraction of the colloidal photonic lattice dimension, effected by a predetermined change in the electronic configuration of the composite material. In its preferred embodiment, the material is a composite in the form of a film or a patterned film or shape of any dimension or array of shapes of any dimension comprised of an organized array of microspheres in a matrix of a cross-linked metallopolymer network with a continuously variable redox state of charge and fluid content. The chemo-mechanical and electro-mechanical optical response of the colloidal photonic crystal-metallopolymer gel is exceptionally fast and reversible, attaining its fully swollen state from the dry shrunken state and vice versa on a sub-second time-scale. These composite materials can be inverted by removal of the constituent microspheres from the aforementioned colloidal photonic crystal metallopolymer-gel network to create a macroporous metallopolymer-gel network inverse colloidal photonic crystal film or patterned film or shape of any dimension optical Bragg diffraction stop bands and higher energy bands wavelength, width and intensity can be redox tuned in a continuous and fine, rapid and reversible, reproducible and predictable fashion and over a broad spectral range by a controlled expansion or contraction of the colloidal photonic lattice dimensions.

A method of wavelength tuning a composite material. The method includes the steps of: producing an ordered array of first constituents having a first refractive index embedded within a cross-linked metallopolymer network having a second refractive index different than the first refractive index, the ordered array of first constituents having a lattice spacing giving rise to Bragg diffraction when the composite material is illuminated; and switching the electronic configuration of the cross-linked metallopolymer network so that the cross-linked polymer network changes dimensions and modulates the lattice spacing of the ordered array of first constituents, which shifts the Bragg diffraction wavelength to a pre-selected wavelength.