A collector optical system for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) or X-ray applications, including lithography and imaging, in which radiation is collected from a radiation source (e.g. laser produced plasma or source) and directed to an image focus, comprising: one or more mirrors, the or each mirror being symmetric about an optical axis extending through the radiation source and the or each mirror having at least first and second reflective surfaces, the first and second reflective surfaces having a common focus, whereby, in use, radiation from the source undergoes successive grazing incidence reflections at said first and second reflective surfaces; and wherein the common focus is transversely offset by a predetermined distance ?r with respect to the optical axis. Also disclosed is an EUV lithography system comprising: a radiation source, for example a LPP source, the collector optical system; an optical condenser; and a reflective mask. Also disclosed is an imaging optical system for EUV or X-ray imaging, and an EUV or X-ray imaging system, comprising: the imaging optical system; and an imaging device, for example a CCD array, disposed at the image focus.

A compact, electrically and optically pumped multi-wavelength nanocavity laser, modulator and detector array uses lithography to define the precise spectral response of each element. High fields are applied within optical nanocavities to take advantage of photonic crystals filled with nonlinear materials. These nonlinearities and high fields are used to define tunable nanocavity laser, detectors, routers, gates and spectrometers for wavelength and time division multiplexing applications. Similarly, nonofabricated optical waveguides can be used for efficient coupling of light between devices. The lithographic control over the wavelength and polarization supported within photonic crystal cavities is used to construct compact nanophotonic laser and detector arrays, and all-optical gates and routes. The photonic crystal couples light emitted one cavity, and uses it to topically pump another with negligible diffraction losses. The emission wavelength of light from these photonic crystal lasers can be varied by simple adjustments of the lithographic pattern during their fabrication.

The present invention relates to complexes of a) bi-specific antibodies and antibody fragments against a target protein and b) a digoxigenin conjugated to a therapeutic or diagnostic agent, methods for their production, their use as a delivery platform for therapeutic or diagnostic agents, pharmaceutical compositions containing said antibodies, and uses thereof.

The present disclosure discloses a pharmaceutical molecule of Garcinol chemically complexed with cyclodextrins and the use of the complexed molecule in prevention and management of cardiac dysfunction induced by chemotherapy, drugs and/or other insults to the heart caused by lifestyle and disease conditions. The disclosure also relates to a method of extraction and purification of high yield of 95-99% pure Garcinol from Garcinia species and a method of chemically complexing Garcinol with cyclodextrins to improve its stability and bioavailability.

The present invention refers to a process for preparing a biodegradable, biocomposite using collagen and carbon nanotubes. It can be used in the in medical and veterinary areas, for the purpose of regenerating, replacing and reconstituting cells and biologic tissue, either in vitro or in vivo. This composite shows biocompatibility, structural mechanical strength, biodegradability, low cytotoxicity, high hemostasis, capability of inducing and stimulating cell growth and tissue regeneration, besides serving for drugs controlled releasing, local carrying of radiopharmaceuticals and citotoxic substances in several therapeutic applications and procedures, such as cancer therapy.

A composite comprising a first layer comprising a first material including nanoparticles dispersed therein, wherein the first material comprises a material capable of transporting charge, a second layer comprising a second material, and a backing element that is removably attached to the uppermost layer of the composite or the lowermost layer of the composite. In certain preferred embodiments, a least a portion of the nanoparticles include a ligand attached to a surface thereof. Methods are also disclosed. Products including a composite is further provided. Composite materials can be particularly well-suited for use, for example, in products useful in various optical, electronic, optoelectronic, magnetic, or catalytic devices.

A composite nano particle and an electronic device using the same are provided to increase efficiency by minimizing a loss of light. A composite nano particle includes a nano particle(P) and a coating material(C). The nano particle(P) receives light and emits light. The coating material(C) has a refractive index different from that of the nano particle. The coating material is formed at the surface of the nano particle(P) as a multiple layer structure. A refractive index of a lower portion of the multiple layer structure is greater than that of an upper portion thereof. A refractive index difference between the coating material and the nano particle is greater than 0.05.