A composition of matter is provided that results in a change of electrical properties through intra-molecular charge transfer or inter-molecular charge transfer or charge transfer between a molecule (12) and an electrode (14, 16; 14', 16'), wherein the charge transfer is induced by an electric field.

A compound used as a stationary phase of affinity chromatography for purifying cucurbituril and a method for purifying cucurbituril by using the same compound are provided to improve isolation convenience and efficiency of cucurbituril from the affinity chromatography. The compound represented by the formula(3) or formula(4), used as a stationary phase of affinity chromatography for purifying cucurbituril, is provided, wherein P is polystyrene resin or polystyrene resin-coated silica gel. The method for purifying cucurbituril comprises the steps of: (a) preparing the cucurbituril mixture; (b) providing the column packed with the compound represented by the formula(3) or formula(4) as a stationary phase; (c) passing the cucurbituril mixture through the column; (d) washing the column with washing solution; and (e) providing a moving phase solvent to the column to obtain cucurbitu[7]ril, cucurbitu[8]ril or derivatives thereof.

Classes of molecules (10, 20) are disclosed which can, for example, be used in molecular switches (40). The classes of molecules include at least three segments (43)- an electronic donor (13, 23) (D), a switchable bridge (12, 22) (B), and an electronic acceptor (11, 21) (A)- chemically connected and linearly arranged (e.g., D-B-A). The electronic donor can be an aromatic ring system with at least one electron donating group covalently attached; an aromatic ring system with an electron withdrawing group covalently attached is usually employed as the electronic acceptor; and the switchbridge can be a pi system that can be switched on or off using an external electric field.

Provided is a conductive polymer composition, which forms a layer comprising a network structure formed between the polymer chains, shows improved adhesion to an electrode, and imparts excellent electrical and optical properties and lifespan to an electronic device. The conductive polymer composition comprises: a siloxane-based material represented by the chemical formula of -(ASiO1.5)a- and a conductive polymer. In the above chemical formula, A is a C1-C20 alkyl, C6-C30 aryl, C1-C20 alkoxy, C7-C30 alkylaryl, C7-C30 aralkyl or -(CH2)n-MZ1Z2Z3, wherein n is an integer of 0 or 1-20, M is Si, Ti, Sn or Al, and each of Z1, Z2 and Z3 independently represents a C1-C20 alkyl, C6-C30 aryl, C7-C30 alkylaryl, C7-C30 aralkyl, a crosslinkable unit, a hole transport unit, an electron transport unit or a light emission unit; and a is an integer of 2-1000.

A control circuit (155), for applying signals to and detecting the status of a qubit of a quantum computer, is operated at a relatively low temperature (on the order of mK). An auxiliary circuit, for sending command signals to and receiving qubit status signals form the control circuit (155), is operated at room temperature. The control circuit (155) implements quantum error correction, and the auxiliary circuit may perform signal processing including pattern matching to determine the status of the qubit. The control circuit (155) may comprise impedance matching circuits (166, 167) with variable resistors such as field effect transistors (171), and generate reflected impedance-mismatch signals form single electron transistors (160, 161) coupled to the qubit. The control circuit (155) may further comprise tank circuits operating at frequencies higher than 500MHz, which allows the use of relatively small inductors (162, 163) for optimal integration, particularly for multiple qubit systems.

The present disclosure provides a cooling material which comprises a first spectrally selective component that comprises particles. The particles are arranged for emission of radiation predominantly having a wavelength or wavelength range within an atmospheric window wavelength range in which the atmosphere of the earth has a reduced average absorption and emission compared with an average absorption and emission in an adjacent wavelength range. Consequently, the cooling material is arranged for emission of thermal radiation and absorption of radiation from the atmosphere within that wavelength range is reduced. The cooling material further comprises a second spectrally selective component having a property that distinguishes the second spectrally selective component from the first spectrally selective component and facilitates at least one desired function of the cooling material.

A core composite film for magnetic/nonmagnetic/magnetic multilayer thin film comprises a free magnetic layer, a barrier layer and a pinned magnetic layer. As the core composite film, it may be only the barrier layer is an LB film which is an organic LB film consisting of materials with insulative, conductive or semiconductive character or all of the said three kinds of layers are LB films in which the pinned magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer are organic films made of magnetic materials. This core composite film can be applied to a magnetoresistive spin valve sensor as a magnetic induction unit therein or applied to a magnetoresistive random access memory as a memory unit.